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PEOPLE@HES-SO – Annuaire et Répertoire des compétences
PEOPLE@HES-SO – Annuaire et Répertoire des compétences

PEOPLE@HES-SO
Annuaire et Répertoire des compétences

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Jusselme Thomas

Jusselme Thomas

Professeur HES ordinaire

Compétences principales

Efficience énergétique

Building performance

Construction bas carbone

Energies renouvelables

Physique du bâtiment

Energie dans le bâtiment

Energie solaire passive

  • Contact

  • Enseignement

  • Recherche

  • Publications

  • Conférences

Contrat principal

Professeur HES ordinaire

Téléphone: +41 26 429 66 17

Bureau: BFA_1B_43

Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architecture de Fribourg
Boulevard de Pérolles 80, 1700 Fribourg, CH
HEIA-FR
Institut
Energy - Institut de recherche appliquée en systèmes énergétiques
BSc HES-SO en Génie mécanique - Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architecture de Fribourg
  • Thermique du bâtiment
  • Analyse de cycle de vie

Terminés

Projet SLL 2020
AGP

Rôle: Collaborateur/trice

Requérant(e)s: FR - EIA - Institut iTEC

Financement: HES-SO Rectorat; SLL HEIA-FR

Description du projet : Préparation d'un projet SLL dans le cadre du call 2020

Equipe de recherche au sein de la HES-SO: Hennebert Jean , Jusselme Thomas , Devaux Mylène , Schwab Stefanie

Partenaires académiques: FR - EIA - Institut iTEC

Durée du projet: 01.09.2019 - 31.12.2020

Montant global du projet: 10'000 CHF

Statut: Terminé

2024

Daylight and carbon interactions :
Article scientifique ArODES
an explorative method to reconcile daylight performance and carbon budget constraints

Nazanin Rezaei Oghazi, Thomas Jusselme, Marilyne Andersen

Building and Environment,  2024, 262, 111777

Lien vers la publication

Résumé:

Existing daylight standards encourage larger glazed areas, which often results in larger solar gains in the summer and heat losses in the winter. To avoid these, shadings, thicker frames and multiple panes of glass are required to respect operational energy targets. These imperatives in turn influence the embodied carbon of the building. Yet the performance trade-offs between daylight and embodied carbon have so far largely remained overlooked in existing research. More specifically, there is currently no guidance on what reasonable carbon budget should be associated with façade and its components. The present study thus aims to 1) reveal how whole life carbon is affected by improving daylight and 2) define carbon budgets at the façade and its components level. In this paper, an explorative method is proposed and its potential to achieve the study's aims is illustrated through its application to a specific case study. Based on the analysis of 9000 design alternatives, increasing spatial daylight autonomy by 24 % in carbon-intensive facades made of concrete and brick can reduce the embodied carbon by 15 % and 10 % respectively. In contrast, the same daylight improvement in low-carbon façade alternatives made of timber would instead, increase whole life carbon by 65 % for the case study considered. The method also offers prospective insights: for the chosen case study, achieving a well daylit space will be increasingly challenging after 2040, due to a substantial reduction in the façade carbon budget by 2040, which is projected to be nearly half of what it is today.

Dynamic LCA methodology to support post-occupancy decision-making for carbon budget compliance
Article scientifique ArODES

Lucas Hajiro Neves Mosquini, Benoit Delinchant, Thomas Jusselme

Energy & Buildings,  2024, 309, 114006

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Résumé:

In response to the climate crisis and ever diminishing global carbon budget targets, managing carbon emissions, particularly during the post-occupancy phase in the building sector, is pivotal. This study presents a novel approach that uses a parametric Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) workflow that integrates the temporal dimension to align post-occupancy decision-making with carbon budgets. Applying this method to a French residential case study, this work explores optimization, sensitivity analysis, and different visualization techniques in hopes to inform building actors not only of which carbon mitigation measures to implement, but also when to execute them. The temporal aspect of decision-making proved to be extremely useful as a renovation plan for the remaining building life cycle is proposed. Interestingly however, similar optimization solutions emerged from static and dynamic LCAs despite very distinct Global Warming Potential values, suggesting a possible overlook of dynamic parameters. Findings also illuminate the complexity of conveying multifaceted decision-making information, emphasizing the importance of tailoring solutions. Nonetheless, the specificity of results necessitates further research across varied building typologies. This study is another step towards sustainable building management, underlining the urgency of adhering to carbon budgets.

2023

Global carbon budgets for the built environment :
Chapitre de livre ArODES
how far are we to achieve a 1.5°C limit in global warming ? A Swiss example

Yasmine Priore, Guillaume Habert, Thomas Jusselme

Dans Azari, Rahman, Moncaster, Alice, The routledge handbook of embodied carbon in the built environment  (27 p.). 2023,  London : Routledge

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Résumé:

Stringent limits and reduction strategies paths on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are being defined at different levels to limit global warming. Carbon budgets and impact reduction targets are the main instruments used today to set goals and follow progress across industrial sectors and countries (e.g.: IPCC, Paris Agreement, science-based targets, etc.). In this context, translating global goals to local realities implicates a set of different challenges. Standardized methodologies of allocation can support a target-cascading process. On the other hand, local strategies are not currently designed to directly respond to carbon budgets in a 2050 horizon. The life cycle analysis of buildings implicates an intricate cross-industry and cross-border carbon accounting. For these reasons, effective and aligned targets are needed to support and guide all actors in the construction sector. This chapter aims at addressing these challenges by identifying carbon reduction strategies compliant with a limited carbon budget in a dynamic approach using the Swiss built environment as a case study. This approach allows for the assessment of current best practices in regard to limited budgets and the determination of specific dynamic carbon targets for the building stock. Results show the misalignment of global goals with current practices and present the magnitude of effort that would be required to have a chance to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. An adequate, interconnected, and interdisciplinary carbon-targets definition is needed to align stringent global climate goals with local climate strategies. The proposed methodology allows for this definition at different scales and sectors in a specific context.

Exploring the gap between carbon-budget-compatible buildings and existing solutions :
Article scientifique ArODES
a Swiss case study

Yasmine Dominique Priore, Guillaume Habert, Thomas Jusselme

Energy and Buildings,  2023, vol. 278, article no. 112598

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Résumé:

Challenging climate goals demand immediate greenhouse gas emissions reductions for long-term temperature stabilization. Given the nearly linear relationship between warming and cumulative net emissions, the carbon budget approach is a useful tool to quantify remaining carbon allowances for countries, sectors, and even buildings. The built environment plays a crucial role in today’s carbon emissions and future reduction potentials. Although much progress has been achieved towards energy efficient buildings, less attention has been given to the impact of materials put in place. Furthermore, the construction sector lacks of quantified reduction efforts and time horizon limits to clearly define a climate neutrality pathway. This article proposes a definition of yearly targets until 2050 for the operational and embodied carbon of buildings in line with a global 1.5 °C carbon budget and the Swiss climate strategy. The proposed targets are then compared with the impact of current practices and future technical developments. Gaps between targets and practices are quantified and discussed to better understand the upcoming challenges of the Swiss construction sector.

2022

Definition of building archetypes based on the swiss energy performance certificates database
Article scientifique ArODES

Alessandro Pongelli, Yasmine Dominique Priore, Jean-Philippe Bacher, Thomas Jusselme

Buildings,  13, 1, 40

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Résumé:

The building stock is responsible for 24% of carbon emissions in Switzerland and 44% of the final energy use. Considering that most of the existing stock will still be in place in 2050, it becomes essential to better understand this source of emissions. Although the Swiss Cantonal Energy Certificate for Buildings (CECB) database has been used in previous research, no comprehensive characterization of the buildings can be found. This data paper presents an analysis and classification of the Swiss building stock based on the data found in the database. The objective is to create a knowledge foundation that can be used in future research on the performance of existing buildings. Using a sample of almost 50,000 buildings and a Python script, datasheets were created for single-family houses and multi-family houses for nine construction periods. These archetypes are described through selected available energy-related parameters, such as energy reference area, U-values, and energy source with indicators such as median, 25th percentile, and 75th percentile or distributions. The resulting data can be used for different purposes: (1) to calibrate energy models; (2) for analysis that requires scaling-up strategies to the whole stock; and (3) to identify weak and/or relevant classes of buildings throughout the stock.

Energy performance estimation for large building portfolios with machine learning-based techniques
Article scientifique ArODES

Frédéric Montet, Alessandro Pongelli, Joanathan Rial, Stefanie Schwab, Jean Hennebert, Thomas Jusselme

Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings,  2022, vol. 38: Central Europe towards sustainable building 2022 (CESB22), pp. 90-96

Lien vers la publication

Résumé:

Building operation is responsible for 28% of the world’s carbon emissions. In this context, establishing priorities in refurbishment strategies at the scale of a city or a group of buildings is important. Such procedures are usually led by experts in energy performance and, therefore, they are rarely carried out due to their long and costly nature. This research aims at the estimation of building energy performance to pave the way towards finding near-optimal refurbishment strategies. Thanks to the identification of easily-accessible building characteristics, the method applies machine learning models to scan a building portfolio based on a low level of details. The results show good potential to identify low-performer buildings with simple machine learning methods. It also opens the door for further improvements through the inclusion of supplementary building features at the input of the predictive system. This work includes (a) the integration of a knowledge database thanks to the Swiss CECB energy performance certificates, referencing more than 70 000 buildings, (b) the preparation of a training data set through the selection of relevant physical characteristics of buildings (input) and the corresponding energy consumption labels (output), (c) the development of predictive models used in a supervised way, (d) their evaluation on an independent test set.

2020

Carbon budgets for buildings :
Article scientifique ArODES
harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions

Guillaume Habert, Martin Röck, Karl Steininger, Antonin Lupisek, Harpa Birgisdottir, Harald Desing, Chanjief Chandrakumar, Francesco Pittau, Alexander Passer, Ronald Rovers, Katarina Slavkovic, Alexander Hollberg, Endrit Hoxha, Thomas Jusselme, Emilie Nault, Karen Allacker, Thomas Lützkendorf

Buildings and Cities,  2020, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 429-452

Lien vers la publication

Résumé:

Target values for creating carbon budgets for buildings are important for developing climate-neutral building stocks. A lack of clarity currently exists for defining carbon budgets for buildings and what constitutes a unit of assessment—particularly the distinction between production- and consumption-based accounting. These different perspectives on the system and the function that is assessed hinder a clear and commonly agreed definition of ‘carbon budgets’ for building construction and operation. This paper explores the processes for establishing a carbon budget for residential and non-residential buildings. A detailed review of current approaches to budget allocation is presented. The temporal and spatial scales of evaluation are considered as well as the distribution rules for sharing the budget between parties or activities. This analysis highlights the crucial need to define the temporal scale, the roles of buildings as physical artefacts and their economic activities. A framework is proposed to accommodate these different perspectives and spatio-temporal scales towards harmonised and comparable cross-sectoral budget definitions. Policy relevance : The potential to develop, implement and monitor greenhouse gas-related policies and strategies for buildings will depend on the provision of clear targets. Based on global limits, a carbon budget can establish system boundaries and scalable targets. An operational framework is presented that clarifies greenhouse gas targets for buildings in the different parts of the world that is adaptable to the context and circumstances of a particular place. A carbon budget can enable national regulators to set feasible and legally binding requirements. This will assist the many different stakeholders responsible for decisions on buildings to coordinate and incorporate their specific responsibility at one specific level or scale of activity to ensure overall compliance. Therefore, determining a task specific carbon budget requires an appropriate management of the global carbon budget to ensure that specific budgets overlap, but that the sum of them is equal to the available global budget without double-counting.

2024

The carbon impact of buildins' slabs :
Conférence ArODES
hotspots, challenges, and opportunities

Yasmine Priore, Lucile Schulthess, Thomas Jusselme

Proceedings of the 37th PLEA Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, 25-28 June 2024, Wroclaw, Poland

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

Considering the urgent call to tackle climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the built environment becomes a priority. Slabs in multi-family houses are responsible for a high share of building’s life carbon emissions due to their intrinsic multi-functional nature and high quantity of materials. This research evaluates the impact of the different functional layers within a slab component, compares alternative materials with regards to the functional requirements, and assesses promising solutions in the context of element-based carbon budgets. Life cycle assessment, following established standards, is applied to a representative library of slab components. Results reveal that material choices for the structural layer significantly influence the environmental impact, with wood structure exhibiting five times lower carbon emissions compared to a traditional concrete slab and meeting the most stringent carbon budgets for the structural layer. The screed layer is identified as a significant contributor to the overall impact, holding an important relationship between its thickness and mass and the level of acoustic insulation. Only limited options are available to replace the cement-based screed in its functionality and although the acoustic performance and thickness hold a non-linear relationship, further studies are needed to confidently replace this layer with alternative materials.

2023

Energy performance certificate estimation at large scale based on open data
Conférence ArODES

Frédéric Montet, Alessandro Pongelli, Stefanie Schwab, Mylène Devaux, Thomas Jusselme, Jean Hennebert

Proceedings of cisbat 2023, the built environment in transititon, Hybrid International Scientific Conference, 13-15 September 2023, Lausanne, Switzerland

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

This paper presents an innovative methodology for enhancing energy efficiency assessment procedures in the built environment, with a focus on the Switzerland’s Energy Strategy 2050. The current methodology necessitates intensive expert surveys, leading to substantial time and cost implications. Also, such a process can’t be scaled to a large number of buildings. Using machine learning techniques, the estimation process is augmented and exploit open data resources. Utilizing a robust dataset exceeding 70’000 energy performance certificates (CECB), the method devises a two-stage ML approach to forecast energy performance. The first phase involves data reconstruction from online repositories, while the second employs a regression algorithm to estimate the energy efficiency. The proposed approach addresses the limitations of existing machine learning methods by offering finer prediction granularity and incorporating readily available data. The results show a commendable degree of prediction accuracy, particularly for single-family residences. Despite this, the study reveals a demand for further granular data, and underlines privacy concerns associated with such data collection. In summary, this investigation provides a significant contribution to the enhancement of energy efficiency assessment methodologies and policymaking.

Application of sensitivity analysis on building dynamic lifecycle assessment of GHG emissions :
Conférence ArODES
a french case study

Lucas Hajiro Neves Mosquini, Benoit Delinchant, Thomas Jusselme

Proceedings of cisbat 2023, the built environment in transititon, Hybrid International Scientific Conference, 13-15 September 2023, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Résumé:

This study presents a novel approach to simplify the dynamic life cycle assessment (DLCA) of buildings by identifying and prioritizing influential dynamic parameters (DPs) to improve building energy performance and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Current life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies lack temporal considerations, which can significantly impact a building's environmental footprint over its multi-decade life span. We conducted an extensive literature review on DPs in DLCA, informing the creation of a multi-scenario parametric framework. A case study was then selected to apply the developed DLCA methodology and perform a global Sensitivity Analysis to pinpoint the most influential DPs on global warming potential. The DLCA framework integrates data from the French database for environmental product declarations and utilizes EnergyPlus simulations for operational emissions assessment. The study identifies ten DPs, revealing the most impactful ones to be industry and waste sector’s emissions reductions, building occupancy, and global warming. Additionally, we found minimal interactions between DPs, which facilitates the simplification of the DLCA process. This research enables building stakeholders to focus on a more selective set of parameters, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of building life cycle assessments. Overall, our findings contribute to the continuous improvement of LCA methodologies and promote sustainable building practices.

Carbon budgets at the component scale and their impacts on design choices :
Conférence ArODES
the façade as a case study

Nazanin Rezai Oghazi, Thomas Jusselme, Marilyne Andersen

Proceedings of cisbat 2023, the built environment in transititon, Hybrid International Scientific Conference, 13-15 September 2023, Lausanne, Switzerland

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

In accordance with the Paris agreement, the Swiss Climate Strategy (SCS) defines the net-zero target to be reached before 2050, which demands for a thoughtful carbon budget allocation between the different contributors. Ongoing normalization tasks are currently defining life cycle carbon budgets at the building scale aligned with the SCS. While recent research has provided promising methodologies to break down a whole building’s carbon budget, SCS-aligned budgets cannot be calculated at the component scale yet. Having the ability to define carbon budgets at the components’ level could support a carbon-responsible design process by reducing the scope of the design problem: the idea is to ensure that the cumulative impact of all the building components (calculated per building energy reference area) remains below the allowed building carbon budget based on SCS targets. This would provide a straightforward link between SCS and carbon budgets at the component scale, a scale at which many decisions need to be taken during the design process. Moreover, based on the set SCS net-zero objectives to be reached by 2050, the carbon budget, whether for buildings or for their components, will have to decrease annually, thereby affecting design flexibility, i.e. the number of design solutions that can still comply with the building's carbon budget on any specific year. The research presented in this paper aims to provide a framework able to set carbon budgets at the components’ scale and start discussing the consequences of such carbon budgets on façade design flexibility until 2050.

Embodied net-zero compatible buildings ? :
Conférence ArODES
They already exist !

Yasmine Priore, Thomas Jusselme, Guillaume Habert

Proceedings of cisbat 2023, the built environment in transititon, Hybrid International Scientific Conference, 13-15 September 2023, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Résumé:

This paper identifies buildings on pathway to meet carbon targets for embodied emissions aligned with global carbon budgets and mitigation pathways. A simplified bottom-up model is used, assessing multiple variations of a new construction archetype to identify the main strategies to achieve the targets. The model estimates the quantities of the main components with a few input geometry parameters. Life cycle emissions are then computed based on predefined building components. The reference building is representative of a typical new construction with standard operational values and massive construction. Strategies evaluate design optimization measures, construction techniques, and materials variations. Results show that (1) characteristics and volume of the building play a determining role. The existence and size of underground floors can determine the achievement of todays and future targets. (2) Construction choices can half emissions just by switching from concrete to wood and using natural insulation. (3) Future improvements in the supply chain of materials do not follow the required reduction pathway determined by the Swiss climate strategy. Net-zero compatible buildings are already possible, it is just a matter of making the right choices.

Stepwise renovation of buildings :
Conférence ArODES
what to refurbish first to minimize life-cycle carbon emissions

Yasmine Priore, Lucile Schulthess, Stefanie Schwab, David Rollo, Thomas Jusselme

Proceedings of cisbat 2023, the built environment in transititon, Hybrid International Scientific Conference, 13-15 September 2023, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Résumé:

To tackle the upcoming renovation wave, this work evaluates renovation strategies with a life cycle GHG emissions perspective and includes time and sequencing in the decision making process. A case study is used to conduct a full life cycle assessment of renovation strategies in line with the Swiss normative context. Improvements in the operational energy consumption are evaluated with an energy model using the software Lesosai and considering the normative limits from the SIA 380/1. GHG emissions are calculated using the Swiss KBOB data inventory and in line with the SIA 2032 methodology. The renovation measures are then examined individually with the carbon payback time indicator and strategies with cumulative emissions over time in contrast to carbon budgets. Results show that the sequence of the refurbishment steps can increase or decrease cumulative GHG emissions of ca. 30% over the lifetime of the building. Changing a fossil-fuel based heating system is the most impactful measure and must happen as soon as possible. Switching to decarbonized heating systems reduces the carbon effectiveness of subsequent renovation measures but poses the question of energy availability. Fully renovating a building but delaying the change of heating system by only 7 years can compromise the achievement of the carbon targets.

2022

A carbon-focus parametric study on building insulation materials and thicknesses for different heating systems :
Conférence ArODES
a Swiss case study

Lucas Hajiro Neves Mosquini, Vincent Tappy, Thomas Jusselme

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science ; Proceedings of sbe22 Berlin D-A-CH conference: Built Environment within Planetary Boundaries (SBE Berlin), 20-23 September 2022, Berlin, Germany

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Résumé:

To tackle the problem of climate change, Swiss energy strategies aim to reach the carbon neutrality by 2050. However, this challenge cannot simply be solved by focusing on the operational energy performance and instead, on a lifecycle evaluation. Thus, in order to reduce the sector's carbon footprint, building stakeholders need to consider embodied GHG emissions of construction materials. In this study, a parametric method was developed to balance operational and embodied impacts of insulation strategies on GHG emissions according to the material and heating system choices. The methodology is split into two for the computation of the overall carbon emissions of the heating plus insulation system. Firstly, the calculation of the embodied emissions, which relies on Environmental Product Declarations of different construction materials. Secondly, the calculation of the operational emissions, which is the product between the thermal energy needs and the energy carbon content of the respective heating system. Thereafter, the methodology was applied to two case studies: an existing building and a brand-new building. The first main finding was that, for high-carbon insulation materials, there was clearly an optimal thickness after which, adding insulation would only increase the lifecycle impact of the system. For instance, in the heat-pump equipped case study, installing 35 cm of extruded polystyrene insulation (XPS) is more harmful towards global warming than installing 17 cm of XPS. This trend was not present for low-carbon materials whatsoever. The building's carbon emissions benefitted from their addition of insulation up to the maximum thicknesses studied. To conclude, it is also important to highlight that aimlessly targeting energy efficiency can be a step back towards the goal of carbon neutrality. Indeed, it is possible to claim that for energy efficient buildings, fossil fuel-based insulation should be carefully used. This study allowed the development and application of a method that identifies optimal insulation thickness and material for a given heating system and hopefully, highlight the importance of considering both embodied and operational emissions of construction materials and systems.

Development of a new environmental scoring methodology for building products, a French case study
Conférence ArODES

M. Bahrar, Thomas Jusselme

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science ; Proceedings of sbe22 Berlin D-A-CH conference: Built Environment within Planetary Boundaries (SBE Berlin), 20-23 September 2022, Berlin, Germany

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Résumé:

The building sector consumes about one-third of total final energy and contributes to 38% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions around the world. Thus, the EU has established a set of directives that includes the EPBD and the EED to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Hence, France adopted more challenging legislation by introducing the new environmental regulation RE2020. Among other measures, the RE2020 allocates a carbon budget to new housings starting from 2022. As a consequence, it promotes the use of materials and products that have a lower environmental impact. In this low carbon material competition, one of the challenges is related to the comparability of environmental product declarations (EPDs) and the lack of harmonization in terms of functional units and lifespan. Also, EPDs have multiple impact categories that make the decision-making process complex. In this context, the objective of this research is to develop a new environmental scoring methodology for building products based on their life cycle assessment. The methodology has been applied to two product families: windows and insulation as case studies thanks to the French EPD database called INIES.

Exploring long-term building stock strategies in Switzerland in line with IPCC carbon budgets
Conférence ArODES

Yasmine D. Priore, Thomas Jusselme, Guillaume Habert

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science ; Proceedings of sbe22 Berlin D-A-CH conference: Built Environment within Planetary Boundaries (SBE Berlin), 20-23 September 2022, Berlin, Germany

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

Stringent limits and reduction strategies paths on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are being defined at different levels for long-term temperature stabilization. Given the nearly linear relationship between warming and cumulative net emissions, a carbon budget approach is required to limit global warming, as stated by the IPCC. In this setting, the built environment, as a cross-sectorial and transnational area of activity, plays a crucial role in today's carbon emissions and future reduction potentials. Previous research showed the need for effective and aligned carbon-targets to support and guide all actors in the construction sector towards these challenging global goals. In this context, previous research compared top-down derived carbon budgets for the Swiss built environment with a preliminary estimation of future cumulative emissions of the sector. Findings showed the misalignment of current best practices and the significant magnitude of effort that would be required to comply with such objectives. Nevertheless, limitations in the preliminary work emerged, such as the lack of dynamicity of the parameters included in the model restricting the representativity of its results. The current paper brings further this previous work by integrating the dynamic evolution of the energy supply, the materials' production, and the renovation rate. Results are then presented by mean of a parallel coordinate interactive graph. This interactive component allows the parametric exploration of the compliance with limited global budgets by varying the input parameters. This way the influence of macro-level strategies to decarbonize the Swiss building stock can easily be visualized with reference to the IPCC carbon budgets. Ultimately, the available interactive tool might support policy makers in decisions taken at the building stock level.

2021

Energy performance estimation for large building portfolios with machine learning-based techniques
Conférence ArODES

Frédéric Montet, Alessandro Pongelli, Rial, Stefanie Schwab, Jean Hennebert, Thomas Jusselme

Proceedings of Central Europe towards Sustainable Building 2022, International Scientific Conference, 4-6 July 2022, Prague, Czech Republic; Acta Polytechnica

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

Building operation is responsible for 28% of the world’s carbon emissions. In this context, establishing priorities in refurbishment strategies at the scale of a city or a group of buildings is important. Such procedures are usually led by experts in energy performance and, therefore, they are rarely carried out due to their long and costly nature. This research aims at the estimation of building energy performance to pave the way towards finding near-optimal refurbishment strategies. Thanks to the identification of easily-accessible building characteristics, the method applies machine learning models to scan a building portfolio based on a low level of details. The results show good potential to identify low-performer buildings with simple machine learning methods. It also opens the door for further improvements through the inclusion of supplementary building features at the input of the predictive system. This work includes (a) the integration of a knowledge database thanks to the Swiss CECB energy performance certificates, referencing more than 70’000 buildings, (b) the preparation of a training data set through the selection of relevant physical characteristics of buildings (input) and the corresponding energy consumption labels (output), (c) the development of predictive models used in a supervised way, (d) their evaluation on an independent test set.

Life cycle efficiency of solar shading systems :
Conférence ArODES
a proof-of-concept

Nazanin Rezaei Oghazi, Thomas Jusselme, Elise Barri, Sergi Aguacil Moreno, Marilyne Andersen

Proceedings of Building Simulation 2021 Conference, 1-3 September 2021, Bruges, Belgium

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

Solar control strategies are essential for the glare control and decreasing cooling needs or overheating risks (in the absence of active cooling system), however, they come with their own embodied energy. With the carbon neutrality objective looking at the 2050 horizon, life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach is needed to evaluate the impact of decisions made on the different building components, including solar shading systems. To that end, this paper applies a relatively new concept defined as the Life-Cycle Efficiency Ratio (LCER) to quantify the trade-off between operational and embodied energy. Results based on a low-carbon case study suggests that adding solar shadings does not reduce the life cycle carbon emissions of this project. Also, analyses show that the ratio between operational benefits and embodied impacts of external fabric blind is the highest, while this ratio is the lowest for the internal fabric blinds in this case study.

Evaluation of daylighting strategies based on their embodied carbon emissions :
Conférence ArODES
a first methodological framework and case study

Nazanin Rezaei Oghazi, Thomas Jusselme, Marilyne Andersen

Proceedings of Building Simulation 2021 Conference, 1-3 September 2021, Bruges, Belgium

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Résumé:

The impact of daylighting strategies on a building’s carbon emissions have so far been assessed mostly based on the building’s use phase and their resulting operational benefits, overlooking embodied carbon emissions of material production, construction, maintenance and end of life. This paper proposes a new methodological framework that combines different techniques including sensitivity analysis, target cascading and a method called Design Space Exploration. The framework was tested on a case study, namely the winning entry of Solar decathlon 2012, to evaluate daylighting strategies based on both daylight availability and embodied carbon emissions. This study allowed to show through a formal process that while choices made on window head height, glazing type, interior surface reflectance and window-to-wall ratio (WWR) basically define daylight access potential, they only have a minor impact on embodied carbon emissions.

Deriving global carbon budgets for the Swiss built environment
Conférence ArODES

Yasmine D. Priore, Thomas Jusselme, Guillaume Habert

CISBAT 2021 – Lausanne, Switzerland Carbon Neutral Cities - Energy Efficiency & Renewables in the Digital Era EPFL, 8-10 September 2021, Lausanne, Switzerland

Lien vers la conférence

Résumé:

In order to limit global warming, remaining carbon budgets have been defined by the IPCC in 2018. In this context translating global goals to local realities implicates a set of different challenges. Standardized methodologies of allocation can support a target-cascading process. On the other hand, local strategies and norms are not currently designed to directly respond to limited carbon budgets in a 2050 horizon. The life cycle assessment of buildings implicates an intricate cross-industry and cross-border carbon accounting. For these reasons, effective and aligned carbon targets are needed to support and guide all actors in the construction sector. This research aims at addressing these challenges by developing a new methodology of allocation of a global carbon budget at different scales using the Swiss built environment as a case study. This approach allows the assessment of current best practices in regards to limited carbon budgets. Results show misalignment of global goals with current practices at all levels and present the magnitude of effort that would be required to have a chance to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

2020

Analysis and visualisation of decision paths towards reaching environmental impact targets at early-design stage
Conférence ArODES

Émilie Nault, Sergi Aguacil Moreno, Thomas Jusselme

Proceedings of 35th Passive and Low Energy Architecture PLEA 2020 Conference, 1st-3rd September 2020, Coruña, Spain

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Résumé:

Environmental impact objectives are commonly found in building performance labels and rating schemes. Anticipating a building’s impact from the conceptual design stage and identifying decisions that do not compromise its chances of reaching these targets is therefore crucial. Yet, few methods and tools are able to provide tangible decision support through a context-specific and early-stage-oriented approach. This paper proposes a workflow to do so based on a generative approach and interactive decision trees. Illustrated on a case study, the approach consists in generating building scenarios by varying parameters not yet fixed at the early stage, including geometrical (e.g. building shape and height), architectural (e.g. façade opening ratio) and technical (e.g. heating system) parameters. The series of scenarios are evaluated in terms of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over their life cycle (including construction and operation), as well as from building-induced mobility. The effects of filtering this database according to a given impact target are explored using a classification algorithm that produces a decision tree showing the proportion of target-complying and noncomplying scenarios, as well as the (un)favourable decision pathways. Stakeholders of the planning and design process can therefore get insights into the implications of a given string of decisions.

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