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PEOPLE@HES-SO – Annuaire et Répertoire des compétences

PEOPLE@HES-SO
Annuaire et Répertoire des compétences

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Demierre Michel

Demierre Michel

Professeur HES associé

Compétences principales

Magnetic sensors

Medical Devices

Sensors

Position and angular sensors

Electronics

Internet of Things

  • Contact

  • Publications

  • Conférences

Contrat principal

Professeur HES associé

Bureau: C31

Haute école d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud
Route de Cheseaux 1, 1400 Yverdon-les-Bains, CH
HEIG-VD
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2021

Multi-method investigation of mass transfer mechanisms in a retrogressive clayey landslide (Harmalière, French Alps)
Article scientifique

Fiolleau Sylvain, Denis Jongmans, Gregory Bièvre, Guillaume Chambon, Pascal Lacroix, Agnès Helmstetter, Marc Wathelet, Demierre Michel

Landslides, 2021 , vol.  18, pp.  1981-2000

Lien vers la publication

Résumé:

The mass transfer mechanisms in landslides are complex to monitor because of their suddenness and spatial coverage. The active clayey Harmalière landslide, located 30 km south of Grenoble in the French Alps, exhibits two types of behavior: in its upper part, decameter-sized clay blocks slide along a listric slip surface, while a flow-like mechanism is observed in a clayey remolded material a few hundred meters below the headscarp. The landslide underwent a major retrogression affecting 45 ha in March 1981 and has experienced multiple reactivations since then. The last major event took place on the 26th of June 2016, and a large investigation survey was conducted to better understand the reactivation mechanism. A multi-method investigation was carried out at different temporal and spatial scales, including aerial photograph and light detection and ranging processing, correlation of optical satellite images, global navigation satellite system monitoring, continuous seismic monitoring, and passive seismic survey. The morphological evolution of the landslide was traced over the last 70 years, showing a headscarp retrogression of 700 m during multiple reactivations and a total mass transfer of more than 6 × 106 m3. The detailed study of the 2016 event allowed to track and understand the mechanism of a mass transfer of 1 × 106 m3 in 5 weeks, from a sliding mechanism at the headscarp to an earthflow at the toe.

2018

Pediatric Size Swallowable Glass Pill for Digestive Motility Analysis
Article scientifique

Jose Luis Merino, Onur Kazanc, Nicolas Brunner, Vincent Schlageter, Demierre Michel, Catherine Dehollain

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2018

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Résumé:

A glass pill for digestive motility tracking with wireless communication is presented. The pill encapsulates three magnetic transmitter coils with a 125 kHz signal, the circuitry required to control the magnetic coil output and the battery. The system provides real time location of the pill inside the digestive tract of the patient using an external detector housed in a wearable jacket. The custom integrated circuit for this application reduces bill-of-materials (BOM) count and significant reduction in power consumption therefore resulting in further size reduction by adapting a smaller battery package. The outcome of the circuit integration enables the glass pill for pediatric use while providing a total pill diameter of 6 mm. The glass pill system operates continuously for 48 hours with a 1.55 V 8 mAh coin cell battery with an average power consumption of 250 microwatts.

2015

Low power receiver for magnetic digestive motility tracking pill
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Jose Luis Merino, Onur Kazanc, Nicolas Brunner, Vincent Schlageter, Catherine Dehollain

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2015

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Résumé:

A CMOS integrated RF receiver of a glass pill for tracking motility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is presented. The receiver detects a 125 kHz downlink synchronization signal that is sent from an external base station, which is used to trigger the transmission of the 3-axis pill position and also to change the tuning parameters of the receiver system. The incoming downlink RF signal also includes the tuning parameters for the 10-bit resolution adjustable internal ring-oscillator, which generates a 4 MHz clock for providing the 3-axis pill position through the 125 kHz transmitter. The receiver, which is fabricated in UMC 0.18 μm CMOS process is measured using the housing of the glass pill. Experiments show that a maximum operation distance of 80 cm between the base station and the glass pill is achieved. The total power consumption of the integrated solution provides 4.6 times reduction compared to the previous generation tracking pill.

2014

Pilot study trialling a new ambulatory method for the clinical assessment of regional gastrointestinal transit using multiple electromagnetic capsules
Article scientifique

Anne-Mette Haase, Tine Gregersen, Vincent Schlageter, Mark Scott, Demierre Michel, Pavel Kucera, Jens Frederik Dahlerup, Klaus Krogh

Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 2014 , vol.  26, pp.  1783-1791

Lien vers la publication

2007

Space-time analysis of human colonic content progression by using magnet tracking system
Article scientifique

Philippe Hiroz, Vincent Schlageter, Demierre Michel, Jean-Claude Givel, Pavel Kucera

Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 2007 , vol.  19

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2006

An Integrated Micro-Hall Probe for Scanning Magnetic Microscopy
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Pavel Kejik, Giovanni Boero, Radivoje Popovic

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, 2006 , vol.  129, pp.  212-215

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Résumé:

A new microsystem with the ability to detect magnetic microstructures based on the non-invasive Hall principle is presented. The micro-Hall plate embedded in the microsystem and scaled down to the physical limits of the employed CMOS technology has an active area of only 2.4 μm × 2.4 μm. The microsystem exhibits an output sensitivity of 7.5 V/T in perpendicular direction to the chip surface and a magnetic field resolution of 300 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz. A two-dimensional magnetic scanner was developed to demonstrate the performances of the developed microsystem.

2004

0.2 mT Residual offset of CMOS integrated vertical Hall sensors
Article scientifique

Enrico Schurig, Christian Schott, Pierre-Andre Besse, Demierre Michel, Radivoje Popovic

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, 2004 , vol.  110, pp.  98-104

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Résumé:

A residual offset lower than 0.2mT is obtained with a CMOS integrated vertical Hall (VH)-sensor microsystem. Instead of the conventional design with five contacts in the sensor active area, we apply a layout with only four contacts. This design shows a higher effectiveness for the offset reduction by the spinning current (SC) method, because of the symmetrical current flow for the two different biasing phases. Furthermore, to obtain very low offsets, coupled sensors are integrated with the spinning current electronics in the final microsystem. A sensitivity up to Sv=0.025V/VT is achieved for these sensors without any additional technology step. The measured output noise level of the integrated microsystem (1.9μT/Hz) is in the usual range of commercial integrated Hall-sensors. Our new developments open the way to the realization of compact, low-cost angular sensors with 10 bit resolution.

Contactless 360° absolute angular CMOS microsystem based on vertical Hall sensors
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Enrico Schurig, Christian Schott, Pierre-Andre Besse, Radivoje Popovic

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, 2004 , vol.  116, pp.  39-44

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Résumé:

We have developed the first 360° contactless absolute angular microsystem using a CMOS two-dimensional vertical Hall sensor. The microsystem contains two groups of vertical Hall sensors, mutually oriented at 90°, and complete readout electronics. The spinning current method is used to extract the signals from the sensors. Projections onto two orthogonal axes of the external rotating magnetic field give the rotation angle sine and cosine functions, respectively. From these two output signals, the rotation angle is extracted using the four quadrant inverse tangent function without discontinuity or dead angle over 360°. An angular accuracy of less than ±0.5°(±0.14%) at room temperature with only the Hall sensors’ residual offset compensation is obtained. Using gain mismatch and phase compensation, an outstanding accuracy of ±0.17°(±0.05%) is achieved.

2003

Micro-Hall Devices: Performance, Technologies and Applications
Article scientifique

Giovanni Boero, Demierre Michel, Pierre-André Besse, Radivoje Popovic

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, 2003 , vol.  106, pp.  314-320

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Résumé:

In this review paper, we summarize the performance (in particular the magnetic field resolution), micro-fabrication technologies and applications of micrometer sized Hall effect devices. Additionally, our activities in this domain are briefly described.

2002

Detection of a single magnetic microbead using a miniaturized silicon Hall sensor
Article scientifique

Pierre-André Besse, Giovanni Boero, Demierre Michel, Vincent Pott, Radivoje Popovic

Applied Physics Letters, 2002 , vol.  80, pp.  4199-4002

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Résumé:

Using a highly sensitive silicon Hall sensor fabricated in a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, we detect a single magnetic microbead of 2.8 μm in diameter. The miniaturized sensor has an active area of 2.4×2.4 μm 2, a sensitivity of 175 V/AT and a resistance of 8.5 k. Two detection methods, both exploiting the superparamagnetic behavior of the bead, are experimentally tested and their performances are compared. This work opens the way to the fabrication of low cost microsystems for biochemical applications based on the use of dense arrays of silicon Hall sensors and CMOS electronics. 

Nonlinear effects in magnetic angular position sensor with integrated flux concentrator
Article scientifique

Predrag Drljaca, Demierre Michel, Christian Schott, Radivoje Popovic

International Conference on Microelectronics, 2002 , pp.  223-226

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Résumé:

We studied nonlinear behaviour of the angular position magnetic field sensor that consists of CMOS integrated circuit chip and a thin ferromagnetic disk. Developed numerical 3D model was compared with experimental results with a good agreement. Obtained numerical results were used to determine the linear magnetic working range of the sensor. We also calculated the nonlinear error for the disk positioning relative to the Hall elements and found 3.3% of error for the 10 μm displacement. We proposed a simple amplitude calibration to strongly reduce nonlinearity coming from misalignment to 0.3% of the full scale. Additional nonlinearity from Hall elements has been discussed. The offset and sensitivity mismatch, contribute to the nonlinearity of the sensor less than 1°.

A vertical Hall device in CMOS high-voltage technology
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Enrico Schurig, Christian Schott, Radivoje Popovic

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, 2002 , vol.  97, pp.  47-53

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Résumé:

In this paper we demonstrate for the first time, how vertical Hall devices manufactured in CMOS technology attain sensitivities comparable to those of conventional silicon plate-shape devices without modifying the standard process or adding any post-processing steps. This was achieved by taking advantage of the low-doped deep wells provided by a high-voltage technology and by applying additionally an unconventional doping reduction method. It is demonstrated that deliberate violation of design rules can increase sensitivity without negative influences on the devices. The current-related sensitivity of the presented devices varies from 18 V/AT up to 127 V/AT for different sensor geometry and doping concentrations. The linearity error is less than 0.04% for magnetic fields up to 2 T.

Reference Magnetic Actuator for self Calibration of a very small Hall Sensor Array
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Sergio Pesenti, Javad Frounchi, Pierre-Andre Besse, Radivoje Popovic

Sensors and Actuators A Physical, 2002 , vol.  97, pp.  39-46

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Résumé:

The magnetic sensitivity drift is one of the main problems with Hall devices in silicon. Common compensation methods are not applicable for unpredictable changes and irreversible drifts of the sensor characteristics, such as aging effects or stress variations caused by thermal shocks. One way to cope with it, is to use an integrated coil as a reference magnetic field for self-calibration. However, the applicability of this idea is strongly limited by the poor current–magnetic field transfer ratio (efficiency) of an integrated coil. The actuator performances can be increased by scaling it down, because the magnetic efficiency is inversely proportional to the size. We measured the efficiency for one actuator to be 392 mT/A and it can be increased to 2000 mT/A using four coils in series and a ferromagnetic layer at the surface of the chip.

Detection of a single magnetic microbead using a miniaturized silicon Hall sensor
Article scientifique

Pierre-Andre Besse, Giovanni Boero, Demierre Michel, Vincent Pott, Radivoje Popovic

Applied Physics Letters, 2002 , vol.  80, pp.  4199-4201

Lien vers la publication

Résumé:

Using a highly sensitive silicon Hall sensor fabricated in a standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, we detect a single magnetic microbead of 2.8 μm in diameter. The miniaturized sensor has an active area of 2.4×2.4 μ m <sup> 2 </sup>, a sensitivity of 175 V/AT and a resistance of 8.5 kΩ. Two detection methods, both exploiting the superparamagnetic behavior of the bead, are experimentally tested and their performances are compared. This work opens the way to the fabrication of low cost microsystems for biochemical applications based on the use of dense arrays of silicon Hall sensors and CMOS electronics. 

Improvements of CMOS Hall microsystems and application for absolute angular position measurements
Thèse de doctorat

Demierre Michel

2002,  Lausanne, Suisse : École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Résumé:

The compatibility of some Hall sensors with CMOS electronics allows the co-integration of sensors and electronics on the same chip to obtain a low cost microsystem. In addition to a careful sensor design, the relationships between the system components, i.e. sensors and electronics, allow us to improve substantially the behavior of the microsystem. The first objective of this thesis is to create a toolbox to construct very accurate CMOS Hall microsystems; each so-called tool solves a limitation of Hall sensors. We also built for angular measurements a 2-dimensional Hall microsystem, i.e. a microsystem with two orthogonal axes of sensitivity. This microsystem is based on vertical Hall sensors placed orthogonally.

CMOS Hall sensors suffer from several non-idealities, such as low sensitivity, sensitivity drift, offset and non-linearities. What’s more, a 2-dimensional sensor suffers from sensitivity mismatch between the X- and Y-sensors and non-orthogonality between the measurement axes. Sensitivity drift and offset are the most challenging problems for which new tools are necessary.

The first tool is calibration coils for the self-calibration of Hall microsystems. These coils are in-situ using the metallization layers of the technology. We obtain a coil efficiency of 290mT/A and 230mT/A for respectively miniaturized Hall plates and miniaturized CMOS vertical Hall sensors. Note that miniaturized sensors are obligatory for efficient coils. Using external laboratory voltage and current references, we obtain an outstanding thermal drift of less than 30ppm/°C. We also propose a calibration scheme, called geometrical reference, which is independent of the electric references; the sensitivity is in that case a function of only the sensor and the coil geometry.

The second tool is an efficient reduction of the Hall sensor offset using the spinning current technique. We analyze the sources of residual offset of our microsystem to find the major sources of residual offset: the electronic circuit and the sensor itself. We develop a feedback scheme for the spinning current method to reduce drastically the residual offset by one order of magnitude to a 1.2mV standard deviation from the output. Miniaturized sensors are degenerated, because they suffer from non-linearities; that’s why a four phases spinning current is required. We also multiplex the electronics for the X and Y axis of the angular sensor in order to guarantee the matching of the amplification chain and to reduce the electronics surface.

Our main industrial challenge, based on accurate Hall microsystems, is an absolute 360° angular position sensor without any dead angles reaching a 0.3% (1.1°) and 0.1% (0.36°) accuracy respectively without and with calibrations. The measurement principle, we choose at the beginning of this work, consists in measuring the magnetic field from a permanent magnet placed in front of the sensor on the rotating shaft. The magnet generates a rotating magnetic field at the surface of the CMOS chip. Measuring this field along two orthogonal axes allow us to calculate the angle over 360° with and without calibration using the arctangent function. This principle is very robust in respect to mechanical tolerances, to the variations of the sensor sensitivity and to the strength of the permanent magnet.

We develop for the first time a CMOS angular sensor based on vertical Hall sensors. We reach an outstanding accuracy of 0.5° (1.4‰) with only an easy offset compensation. In this thesis work, the sources of non-linearities are also studied and explained, allowing their calibration. With additional sensitivity mismatch and non-orthogonallity compensations, an accuracy of 0.17° (0.5‰) is obtained. These results are compared with those of a sensor using an integrated ferromagnetic disk and Hall plates. With an offset compensation, the accuracy is degraded to 2° (5.6‰) due to the tolerances during the post processing. However an accuracy of 0.4° (1.1‰) can be obtained with an additional calibration of the gain mismatch. This sensor is better adapted to low field measurements. The full range is limited by the saturation of the ferromagnetic elements and the field is amplified by the concentrators. The sensor based on vertical Hall sensors, is better adapted to high precision, especially without complex calibrations, with a larger magnetic field. Measurements demonstrate that coils, our first tool, is useless for angular measurement because the ratio of the X and Y signals is calculated, getting ride of the drifts if they are matched. The accurate matching of these drifts is typically less than 10ppm/°C even when low cost plastic packaging is used. The low offset microsystem, our second tool, is required to reach high accuracy and low thermal drift without calibration.

2001

Integrated Hall sensor array microsystem
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Javad Frounchi, Zoran Randjelovic, Radivoje Popovic

Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2001

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Résumé:

A CMOS microsystem consists of an array of miniature integrated Hall sensors and dynamic offset cancellation interface electronics. It has 86 V/Tesla magnetic sensitivity, 160 μTesla magnetic offset field, and 0.8 μTesla/√Hz noise density while consuming 2.3 mA from a single 5 V supply. It measures the Earth's magnetic field with 5% precision.

1999

Simple and Low Cost Fabrication of Embedded Micro-channels by Using a New Thick-film Photoplastic
Article scientifique

Demierre Michel, Louis Guérin, Marc Bossel, Sam Calmes, Philippe Renaud

Solid State Sensors and Actuators, 1999

Lien vers la publication

Résumé:

In this paper we describe new ways to realise micro-channels. The used technologies are based on a novel thick-film photoplastic, the SU-8. This photoresist has outstanding properties, allowing the realisation of high aspect ratio microstructures. It is a simple and low-cost fabrication process. The micro channels developed in this work will be used for the realisation of thermal flow-sensors.

2020

Long-Term Subcentimeter-Accuracy Landslide Monitoring Using a Cost- Effective Global Navigation Satellite System Rover Network: Case Study
Conférence

Vincent Schlageter, Maroua Mestiri, Florian Denzinger, Hugo Raetzo, Demierre Michel

International Conference on Landslide Hazard Mitigation Techniques, 12.10.2020 - 12.10.2020, Rome, Italy

2017

Le systeme GNSS bas coût GEOMON - retour d'expérience
Conférence

Demierre Michel, J.-P. Malet, L. Folladore, H. Raetzo, M. Jeanneret, G. Gouillon

Journées des Aléas Gravitaires, 23.10.2017 - 24.10.2017, Besançon, France

Résumé:

Les glissements de terrain sont aujourd'hui de plus en plus des défis majeurs. En raison des changements climatiques on s'attend que les risques de glissements de terrain vont augmenter à l'avenir.
La surveillance et le monitorage  de terrains sur des sites vulnérables devient donc une activité de plus en plus importante pour pouvoir protéger les humains et les infrastructures construites.
Les outils actuels de monitorage sont coûteux, ce qui fait que ces outils disponibles pour la prévention ne sont pas utilisés plus largement.
Avec le système de monitorage GEOMON il devrait être possible de pouvoir diminuer notablement les coûts et ainsi étendre les campagnes de mesures avec une même précision que les outils déjà disponibles afin de faciliter les prises de décisions pour les autorités de surveillance des dangers naturels et augmenter la sécurité pour les humains et les infrastructures.

2015

The low-cost GNSS GEOMON system for monitoring landslide displacements
Conférence

Demierre Michel, J.-P. Malet, L. Folladore, P. Boetzle, M. Jeanneret, G. Ferhat, P. Ulrich

Journées des Aléas Gravitaires, 03.09.2015 - 04.09.2015, Caen, France

Résumé:

Analysis of landslide hazard requires continuous and high frequency ground-based
surface displacement monitoring at numerous locations. The low-cost GEOMON GNSS
system, developped by Infrasurvey in collaboration with the research institutes HEIG-VD/
Geomatics and HEIG-VD/MISC-DC, is currently tested experimentally in France by EOST
(Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre) for the French Landslide Observatory OMIV.
The objective of this work is to present the technical solution of the GEOMON GNSS and the
results of a field campaign performed during the summer 2015 at the Super-Sauze landslide
with the deployment of a netwok of 6 receivers. The GNSS GEOMON system is based on lowcost
L1 receiver, the transmission of the phase observations by radio to a base station
located outside of the landslide or stored internally on SD cards, and a rapid processing with
the open source RTKLib processing software.
The performance of the GNSS GEOMON system in real field monitoring conditions will be
presented.

2008

Gastro Intestinal Motility Research and Equipment - Inductive Tracking System
Conférence

Cédric Duchêne, Jean-Marc Vesin, Vincent Schlageter, Demierre Michel, Gilbert Menth, Bertrand Hochet, Pavel Kucera

CTI Medtech Event, 02.09.2008 - 02.09.2008, Berne, Suisse

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